Otosclerosis is a hereditary condition that causes abnormal bone growth within the middle ear and causes gradual hearing loss over time. Affecting around 1 in every 200 people, otosclerosis tends to run in families. Typically presenting alongside hormonal changes, otosclerosis often develops during pregnancy and affects more women than men. 

There are three tiny bones in the inner ear, and otosclerosis sees one of these – the stapes ( ‘stirrup’ bone) – fuse with the bone surrounding it, preventing it from moving as the eardrum vibrates. Because it can’t move, it cannot pass the vibrations to the microscopic hair cells inside the cochlea, which stops sound from efficiently transmitting to the inner ear.

Otosclerosis can develop in just one or both ears.

The most common symptoms associated with otosclerosis include gradual hearing loss; difficulty hearing low-pitched sounds while finding it easier to hear in situations with background noise; tinnitus; dizziness and vertigo; and balance issues.

The condition may affect one ear or both, with its severity varying from case to case.

The good news is there are treatments available for otosclerosis. However, if the symptoms of the condition go unnoticed or are ignored, it will continue to worsen and – while rare – can affect the inner ear.

Otosclerosis hearing loss can be managed, and for those living with otosclerosis, there are two main treatment options: hearing aids or surgery. As a non-surgical treatment approach, hearing aids carry fewer risks of complications.

There is also some research to suggest that certain supplements – fluoride, calcium and vitamin D – may help slow the condition's progression. However, studies are limited and further investigation is required to determine their reliability as a treatment option.

Mild cases of otosclerosis may not initially require treatment, but the progression of the condition must be monitored closely. Regular hearing tests make it easier to identify if there has been any progression in the hearing loss experienced or if any additional symptoms have developed.

The success rate of otosclerosis surgery is high, with the procedures successfully restoring the hearing of those living with otosclerosis in more than 90 per cent of cases. As with any form of surgery, however, it is important to remember some risks accompany otosclerosis surgery. These include further or total hearing loss, the development or worsening of tinnitus, vertigo, an altered sense of taste and facial weakness.

Before you decide whether to proceed with surgery, it’s a good idea to discuss the potential risks with your surgeon.